Overview
HSV PCR detects herpes simplex virus DNA from swabs of active lesions. It is often more sensitive than culture and can identify HSV-1 or HSV-2.
What it detects
HSV-1 or HSV-2 nucleic acid.
Sample type
Swab from an active lesion.
When it may be appropriate
New or recurrent blisters, ulcers or vesicles.
Window period considerations
Best during active lesions; healing lesions may yield lower sensitivity.
Test limitations
Requires lesion material; negative results do not exclude past infection.
Interpretation basics
Positive PCR supports HSV infection at that site; typing helps guide counseling.
Follow-up recommendations
Discuss recurrence, transmission risk and antiviral options.
Key points
- Detects HSV DNA
- Best during active lesions
- Can type HSV-1/HSV-2
- Negative does not exclude past infection
When to seek care
- Active genital blisters
- Recurrent ulcers
- Unclear lesion cause