Condition guide

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

HPV overview, including warts, cervical screening and vaccination.

Overview

HPV is a common virus with many types. Some cause genital warts, while others are linked to cervical and other cancers. Vaccination and screening are important prevention tools.

Causes and transmission

HPV is transmitted through sexual contact, including skin-to-skin contact.
Most sexually active people are exposed at some point.

How it is assessed

Visible warts may be diagnosed clinically.
Cervical screening detects HPV-related cellular changes; HPV testing may be used in screening programs.

Management considerations

Warts can be treated clinically.
Abnormal cervical screening requires gynecologic follow-up.
Vaccination is preventive, not therapeutic.

Prevention

HPV vaccination is recommended for eligible age groups.
Condoms reduce but do not eliminate risk.
Cervical screening saves lives.

Key points

Many infections clear naturally
Some types cause warts
Some types are linked to cancer
Vaccination can prevent key types

When to seek care

Genital warts
Abnormal cervical screening
HPV vaccine questions

Clear answers

Frequently asked questions

Is Human Papillomavirus (HPV) always sexually transmitted?

Not necessarily. Some conditions in this directory are STIs, while others are genital or reproductive health conditions that may be associated with sexual activity or have other causes. The page explains the distinction.

Can symptoms appear without an infection?

Yes. Skin irritation, anatomical variation, inflammation and non-infectious conditions can cause similar symptoms. Testing and examination are needed before assuming an STI.

When should I seek medical advice?

Seek prompt advice for new sores, discharge, pelvic or testicular pain, painful urination, fever or symptoms that worry you. Early assessment can prevent complications and clarify the cause.

Should my partner be involved?

For many STIs, partner evaluation may be recommended to prevent reinfection and support treatment. The need depends on the condition, timing and results.

Keep learning

Related guides

Genital Warts

Genital warts symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options.

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus infection, its testing, prevention and long-term care.

Syphilis

Syphilis overview covering stages, testing, treatment and prevention.

Primary Syphilis

The first stage of syphilis, typically marked by a painless chancre.

Privacy and dignity

A respectful space for sensitive concerns

Sexual health questions can feel personal. The goal of every consultation is to provide clear medical information, explain options and support next steps without judgment, pressure or unnecessary disclosure.

Ask questions at your own pace.
Share only the information needed for safe care.
Request discreet communication where appropriate.
Bring a trusted support person if that helps.