Overview
HIV antibody tests detect antibodies produced after HIV infection. They are widely used but have a longer window period than fourth-generation tests in many cases.
What it detects
HIV antibodies.
Sample type
Blood or oral fluid depending on assay.
When it may be appropriate
Screening when fourth-generation testing is unavailable or for specific programs.
Window period considerations
Antibodies take time to develop; testing too early may miss infection.
Test limitations
Cannot detect very early infection before antibodies appear.
Interpretation basics
Reactive results require confirmation; nonreactive results depend on timing.
Follow-up recommendations
Repeat testing may be needed after recent exposure.
Key points
- Detects immune response
- May have longer window period
- Useful for screening
- Confirmation still needed
When to seek care
- Routine screening
- Follow-up after exposure
- Programs using antibody assays