Condition guide

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes symptoms, testing, recurrence and long-term management.

Overview

Genital herpes is caused by herpes simplex virus, usually HSV-2 but sometimes HSV-1. It can cause recurrent sores and is managed with antiviral medication, counseling and prevention strategies.

Causes and transmission

HSV-2 is more commonly associated with genital herpes, but HSV-1 can also cause genital infection through oral-genital contact.
The virus can remain dormant and reactivate.

How it is assessed

Active lesions may be swabbed for PCR or culture.
Blood tests can detect HSV antibodies but may not distinguish recent from past infection.

Management considerations

Antiviral medication can shorten episodes or reduce recurrence.
Counseling addresses transmission risk and disclosure.

Prevention

Avoid contact during active lesions.
Suppressive therapy may reduce but not eliminate transmission risk.
Condoms reduce risk when covering affected areas.

Key points

Caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2
Can recur after initial infection
Testing interpretation can be complex
Suppressive therapy may help

When to seek care

Recurrent blisters or ulcers
First episode genital sores
Partner questions about transmission

Clear answers

Frequently asked questions

Is Genital Herpes always sexually transmitted?

Not necessarily. Some conditions in this directory are STIs, while others are genital or reproductive health conditions that may be associated with sexual activity or have other causes. The page explains the distinction.

Can symptoms appear without an infection?

Yes. Skin irritation, anatomical variation, inflammation and non-infectious conditions can cause similar symptoms. Testing and examination are needed before assuming an STI.

When should I seek medical advice?

Seek prompt advice for new sores, discharge, pelvic or testicular pain, painful urination, fever or symptoms that worry you. Early assessment can prevent complications and clarify the cause.

Should my partner be involved?

For many STIs, partner evaluation may be recommended to prevent reinfection and support treatment. The need depends on the condition, timing and results.

Keep learning

Related guides

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

HSV-1 overview, including oral and genital infection possibilities.

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2

HSV-2 overview and its role in recurrent genital herpes.

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus infection, its testing, prevention and long-term care.

Syphilis

Syphilis overview covering stages, testing, treatment and prevention.

Privacy and dignity

A respectful space for sensitive concerns

Sexual health questions can feel personal. The goal of every consultation is to provide clear medical information, explain options and support next steps without judgment, pressure or unnecessary disclosure.

Ask questions at your own pace.
Share only the information needed for safe care.
Request discreet communication where appropriate.
Bring a trusted support person if that helps.