Overview

HSV testing can identify herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2. Lesion swab PCR is often preferred during active outbreaks; blood tests detect antibodies and may indicate past infection.

What it detects

HSV-1 or HSV-2 infection.

Sample type

Lesion swab for PCR or blood for type-specific serology.

When it may be appropriate

Active genital or oral lesions, recurrent symptoms or partner questions.

Window period considerations

Serology takes time after infection; lesion PCR works best during active lesions.

Test limitations

Blood tests may not distinguish recent from past infection; PCR requires lesion material.

Interpretation basics

Positive lesion PCR supports active infection; positive serology indicates exposure but may not show timing.

Follow-up recommendations

Counseling on recurrence, transmission and treatment options.

Key points

  • Detects HSV-1 and HSV-2
  • Lesion swab vs blood test
  • Timing affects interpretation
  • Counseling is important

When to seek care

  • Active genital lesions
  • Recurrent sores
  • Partner questions