Overview
Hepatitis C screening usually begins with antibody testing. A positive antibody test may require RNA testing to confirm current infection.
What it detects
Hepatitis C antibodies and, when indicated, viral RNA.
Sample type
Blood sample.
When it may be appropriate
Routine screening in risk groups, abnormal liver tests or partner questions.
Window period considerations
Antibodies take time to develop; RNA may detect infection earlier.
Test limitations
Antibody positivity does not always mean current infection.
Interpretation basics
Positive antibody with positive RNA suggests current infection; positive antibody alone may indicate past or resolved infection.
Follow-up recommendations
Confirm with RNA, assess liver status and discuss treatment if infected.
Key points
- Antibody then RNA confirmation
- Blood-based
- Curable with treatment
- Risk-based screening
When to seek care
- Routine risk screening
- Abnormal liver tests
- Partner questions