Condition guide

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

HSV-1 overview, including oral and genital infection possibilities.

Overview

HSV-1 is commonly associated with oral herpes, but it can also cause genital herpes through oral-genital contact. Diagnosis and management are similar to other herpes infections.

Causes and transmission

HSV-1 spreads through contact with saliva or lesions.
Genital HSV-1 may result from oral-genital sex.

How it is assessed

Lesion swab PCR is useful during active infection.
Type-specific blood tests can identify HSV-1 antibodies.

Management considerations

Antivirals may be used for episodes or suppression.
Counseling explains recurrence and transmission.

Prevention

Avoid contact during active lesions.
Barrier protection reduces genital transmission risk.

Key points

Usually causes oral lesions
Can cause genital infection
May recur
Antiviral treatment can help

When to seek care

Cold sores plus genital symptoms
Recurrent oral or genital lesions

Clear answers

Frequently asked questions

Is Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 always sexually transmitted?

Not necessarily. Some conditions in this directory are STIs, while others are genital or reproductive health conditions that may be associated with sexual activity or have other causes. The page explains the distinction.

Can symptoms appear without an infection?

Yes. Skin irritation, anatomical variation, inflammation and non-infectious conditions can cause similar symptoms. Testing and examination are needed before assuming an STI.

When should I seek medical advice?

Seek prompt advice for new sores, discharge, pelvic or testicular pain, painful urination, fever or symptoms that worry you. Early assessment can prevent complications and clarify the cause.

Should my partner be involved?

For many STIs, partner evaluation may be recommended to prevent reinfection and support treatment. The need depends on the condition, timing and results.

Keep learning

Related guides

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes symptoms, testing, recurrence and long-term management.

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2

HSV-2 overview and its role in recurrent genital herpes.

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus infection, its testing, prevention and long-term care.

Syphilis

Syphilis overview covering stages, testing, treatment and prevention.

Privacy and dignity

A respectful space for sensitive concerns

Sexual health questions can feel personal. The goal of every consultation is to provide clear medical information, explain options and support next steps without judgment, pressure or unnecessary disclosure.

Ask questions at your own pace.
Share only the information needed for safe care.
Request discreet communication where appropriate.
Bring a trusted support person if that helps.