Condition guide

Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis overview, symptoms and treatment.

Overview

Bacterial vaginosis is an imbalance of vaginal bacteria, not a classic STI. It can cause discharge and odor and may increase susceptibility to other infections.

Causes and transmission

Disruption of normal vaginal flora.
New or multiple partners may be associated but BV is not considered a classic STI.

How it is assessed

Clinical criteria and sometimes microscopy or molecular tests.
Other infections should be excluded.

Management considerations

Antibiotic treatment may be used.
Avoid douching and unnecessary irritants.

Prevention

Limit douching.
Discuss recurrent symptoms with a clinician.

Key points

Not classified as an STI
Causes discharge and odor
May recur
Testing helps distinguish causes

When to seek care

Thin gray discharge
Fishy odor
Vaginal irritation

Clear answers

Frequently asked questions

Is Bacterial Vaginosis always sexually transmitted?

Not necessarily. Some conditions in this directory are STIs, while others are genital or reproductive health conditions that may be associated with sexual activity or have other causes. The page explains the distinction.

Can symptoms appear without an infection?

Yes. Skin irritation, anatomical variation, inflammation and non-infectious conditions can cause similar symptoms. Testing and examination are needed before assuming an STI.

When should I seek medical advice?

Seek prompt advice for new sores, discharge, pelvic or testicular pain, painful urination, fever or symptoms that worry you. Early assessment can prevent complications and clarify the cause.

Should my partner be involved?

For many STIs, partner evaluation may be recommended to prevent reinfection and support treatment. The need depends on the condition, timing and results.

Keep learning

Related guides

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Candidiasis affecting the genital area, often called thrush.

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PID overview, causes, symptoms and importance of treatment.

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Human immunodeficiency virus infection, its testing, prevention and long-term care.

Syphilis

Syphilis overview covering stages, testing, treatment and prevention.

Privacy and dignity

A respectful space for sensitive concerns

Sexual health questions can feel personal. The goal of every consultation is to provide clear medical information, explain options and support next steps without judgment, pressure or unnecessary disclosure.

Ask questions at your own pace.
Share only the information needed for safe care.
Request discreet communication where appropriate.
Bring a trusted support person if that helps.