Condition guide

Proctitis

Rectal inflammation overview, including STI-related causes.

Overview

Proctitis is inflammation of the rectal lining. It can cause pain, discharge and bleeding and may be associated with STIs after receptive anal sex.

Causes and transmission

STIs such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes and LGV can cause proctitis.
Other inflammatory or infectious causes exist.

How it is assessed

Rectal swab NAAT and examination.
Sexual history guides testing.

Management considerations

Treatment depends on identified cause.
Follow-up may be needed for persistent symptoms.

Prevention

Use barrier protection for anal sex.
Regular testing for those at risk.

Key points

Can be caused by STI
May cause rectal pain and discharge
Requires appropriate testing
Treatment depends on cause

When to seek care

Rectal pain
Rectal discharge or bleeding
Symptoms after anal sex

Clear answers

Frequently asked questions

Is Proctitis always sexually transmitted?

Not necessarily. Some conditions in this directory are STIs, while others are genital or reproductive health conditions that may be associated with sexual activity or have other causes. The page explains the distinction.

Can symptoms appear without an infection?

Yes. Skin irritation, anatomical variation, inflammation and non-infectious conditions can cause similar symptoms. Testing and examination are needed before assuming an STI.

When should I seek medical advice?

Seek prompt advice for new sores, discharge, pelvic or testicular pain, painful urination, fever or symptoms that worry you. Early assessment can prevent complications and clarify the cause.

Should my partner be involved?

For many STIs, partner evaluation may be recommended to prevent reinfection and support treatment. The need depends on the condition, timing and results.

Keep learning

Related guides

Lymphogranuloma Venereum

LGV overview, including rectal and genital symptoms.

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea symptoms, testing, treatment and partner considerations.

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus infection, its testing, prevention and long-term care.

Syphilis

Syphilis overview covering stages, testing, treatment and prevention.

Privacy and dignity

A respectful space for sensitive concerns

Sexual health questions can feel personal. The goal of every consultation is to provide clear medical information, explain options and support next steps without judgment, pressure or unnecessary disclosure.

Ask questions at your own pace.
Share only the information needed for safe care.
Request discreet communication where appropriate.
Bring a trusted support person if that helps.