Condition guide

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B overview, including sexual transmission and vaccination.

Overview

Hepatitis B is a viral infection affecting the liver. It can be transmitted sexually, through blood or from mother to child. Vaccination is highly effective prevention.

Causes and transmission

Transmitted through blood, sexual contact and mother-to-child transmission.
Sharing needles or exposure to infected blood also poses risk.

How it is assessed

Blood tests detect hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies.
Further tests assess chronic infection and liver status.

Management considerations

Monitoring and antiviral treatment may be needed for chronic infection.
Vaccination protects those not yet infected.

Prevention

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for eligible people.
Avoid sharing needles and practice safer sex.

Key points

Can be sexually transmitted
Vaccination prevents infection
May become chronic
Testing guides management

When to seek care

Routine STI screening
Partner diagnosis
Vaccination questions

Clear answers

Frequently asked questions

Is Hepatitis B always sexually transmitted?

Not necessarily. Some conditions in this directory are STIs, while others are genital or reproductive health conditions that may be associated with sexual activity or have other causes. The page explains the distinction.

Can symptoms appear without an infection?

Yes. Skin irritation, anatomical variation, inflammation and non-infectious conditions can cause similar symptoms. Testing and examination are needed before assuming an STI.

When should I seek medical advice?

Seek prompt advice for new sores, discharge, pelvic or testicular pain, painful urination, fever or symptoms that worry you. Early assessment can prevent complications and clarify the cause.

Should my partner be involved?

For many STIs, partner evaluation may be recommended to prevent reinfection and support treatment. The need depends on the condition, timing and results.

Keep learning

Related guides

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C overview, including testing and modern treatment.

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus infection, its testing, prevention and long-term care.

Syphilis

Syphilis overview covering stages, testing, treatment and prevention.

Primary Syphilis

The first stage of syphilis, typically marked by a painless chancre.

Privacy and dignity

A respectful space for sensitive concerns

Sexual health questions can feel personal. The goal of every consultation is to provide clear medical information, explain options and support next steps without judgment, pressure or unnecessary disclosure.

Ask questions at your own pace.
Share only the information needed for safe care.
Request discreet communication where appropriate.
Bring a trusted support person if that helps.